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Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research Psilocybin mushrooms were used by the Aztec shaman in healing and in a variety of religious and divinatory rituals. These mushrooms were known as teonanacatl, meaning “god’s flesh” (Ott and Bigwood, 1978; Schultes and Hofmann, 1979). The use of various psychoactive plant materials and substances was common in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican societies, including the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec cultures (Carod-Artal, 2015). The powerful psychologic effect of LSD was accidently discovered in 1943 , followed only a decade later in 1953 by the detection of serotonin in the mammalian brain . The presence of the tryptamine moiety within LSD was also quickly seen to be the scaffold for the chemical structure of serotonin (Fig. 1). This can lead to panic and unpredictable behaviour, like running across a road or attempting suicide. All subjects reported that the onset of drug effect was very rapid and intense, with a duration of ...